Disulfonate fatty diamine salts of dicarboxylic acids



United States Patent Office 3,153,070 DISULFGNATE FATTY DEA SALTS OF DICARBGXYLIC ACIDS David B.. Sheldahl, Griflith, InrL, assiwer, by mesne assients, to Sinclair Research, Inc, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware N Drawing. Original application Aug. 28, 1957, Ser. No. 680,661, now Patent No. 3,025,240, dated Mar. 13, 1962. Divided and this application June 12, 1961, Ser. No. 124,262

3 Claims. (Cl. 26ti401) This invention relates to new compositions of matter and more particularly to a new class of chemical compounds derived from the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a fatty diamine with an aromatic sulfonic acid. In other aspects this invention relates to novel compositions of matter and their use as a corrosion inhibitor in liquid mineral oils which normally come in contact with metals.

Various corrosion inhibitors have been suggested for use in liquid mineral oil bases for the protection of metal surfaces, both internal and external, which come in contact with the base oils. Many of these inhibitors when included in distillate fuels, for example, have proved disadvantageous inasmuch as films produced therefrom do not exhibit sufficient resistance to moisture, particularly under high humidity conditions. In many applications, asin diesel engine flushing fuels, for example, the base oil must be inhibited against corrosion under high humidity conditions and at the same time it is desirable, and in fact some specifications require, that the inhibitor be ashless.

In accordance with this invention I have found that corrosion problems occurring from mineral oils contacting.

sulfonic acid. The inhibitor products are identified as disulfonate fatty diamine salts of dicarboxylic acids and as shown hereinafter, these reaction products have been found to exhibit marked protection of metal surfaces, I

particularly ferrous surfaces, which are in contact with liquid mineral oil products containing small amounts of moisture. When blended in mineral oil products such as gasoline and diesel fuel, such fuels easily pass humidity cabinet corrosion tests which thus indicates their resistance to moisture under high humidity conditions. The inhibitors give protection in static and dynamic systems, e.g. storage tanks and pipe lines, and effectively prevent corrosion without influencing basic characteristics of the mineral oil products in which they are incorporated. The novel inhibitor products of this invention are further advantageous in that they will not form a combustion ash upon being subjected to relatively high temperatures.

The corrosion inhibiting compositions of this invention are formed by adding to a suitable mineral oil base a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula:

in which R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical I groups such as amino, halogen, hydroxy, nitrile and the like.

The corrosion inhibiting compounds of theinvention are identified as disulfonate fatty diamine salts of dicarboxylic acids and are mineral oil-compatible; that is, the compounds are dispersible, soluble or miscible without continuing agitation. The novel compounds are easily prepared, for example, by reacting an aromatic sulfonic acid and dicarboxylic acid in stoichiometric amounts with the fatty diamine. If desired, more than the stoichiometric amount of reactants may be used and the excess can be included with the principal corrosion inhibiting salt when added to the mineral oil base. The stoichiometric amounts of the reactants are approximately 2 moles of the fatty diamine to 2 moles of the sulfonic acid to 1 mole of' the dicarboxylic acid. The reaction is almost instantaneous if carried out at temperatures between about and F. but will occur slowlyat room temperature, Higher temperatures below the decomposition point of the reactants or product may be employed and the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent. No special equipment is required and any suitable pot type reactor can be employed. In addition to the reaction prodnot containing one to three ofthe compounds of Formulae I, II and III, other materials may be formed in the reaction and included in the corrosion inhibitor.

The fatty diamines which are used in accordance with formula R--NRa-NH in which R is a hydrocarbon group containing at'least about 6 and preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms and R is as described above. Preferably R is a polymethylene group of about.2 to 8 carbon atoms and advantageously about 2 to 4 carbon atoms. The members of this class of diamine compounds are cationic and possess one primary and secondary amine group. The R group in the above formula may be straight or branched chain, or alicyclic, may contain substituent groups such as halogen, amino, hydroxy, nitrile, and the like, and is preferably an aliphatic carboxylic acid residue of high molecular Weight fatty acids, either saturated or unsaturated. Examples of such acids are oleic acid, stearic acid, pahnitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, monohydroxy Patented Got. 13, 1964 stearic acid, lauric acid, high molecular weight naphthenic acids, fatty acids obtained from the oxidation of petroleum waxes, and the like. Fatty acids which are particularly desirable for providing the carboxylic acid residue can be obtained from vegetable oils and animal fats such as soybean oil, coconut oil, lard oil, corn oil, castor oil, tallow, and the like. Other suitable carboxylic acid residues having the desired number of carbon atoms are the acids obtained from tall oil which contains a mixture of fatty acids and resin acids.

The fatty diamines can be prepared by reacting a polyalkylene diamine containing the desired number of methylene groups with an aliphatic or alicyclic chloride containing about 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The R group bonded to one of the nitrogen atoms is preferably an alkyl or alkylene radical derived from fatty acids obtained from fats and oil, such as corn oil or tallow, which provide a saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from about 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Other methods of preparation which are satisfactory include reaction of the desired fatty acid with ammonia to obtain the corresponding amide. The amide is then reacted twice with acrylonitrile with each reaction being followed by hydrogenation to produce the final fatty diamine product.

An example of a preferred fatty diamine used in the preparation of the corrosion inhibitors of this invention is a commercial product designated as Duomeen T which corresponds to the above fatty diamine formula in which R is trimethylene and R is the straight chain hydrocarbon radical derived from tallow fatty acids and having about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated and unsaturated. These materials are well known, being marketed by Armour and Company, andeare described in U.S. Patent 2,736,658.

The dicarboxylic acids used in the invention are of the general formula R (COOH) wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about to 36 carbon atoms. The useful acids have a molecular weight of up to about 600 and include, among others, such saturated dibasic acids as malonic, azelaic, oxalic, succinic,

glutaric, adipic, suberic and pimelic, asv well as the unsaturated acids, fumaric, maleic and glutaconic'. These acids may be substituted or unsubstituted and for the most part selection of a useful dicarboxylic acid will depend upon cost and convenience of manufacture. Other dicarboxylic acid materials which can be employed are the propylene polymer adducts of succinic acid anhydride.

When this material is reacted with the fatty diamine and aromatic sulfonic acids the reaction product includes a mixture of compounds rather than a single compound.

A particularly suitable dicarboxylic acid employed in this invention is dimerized ricinoleic acid, adimer by definition being the product obtained when two molecules of a monocarboxylic acid condense to form a dicarboxylic acid. A source of the dimerized ricinoleic acid used in this invention is the still residue obtained in the dry distillation of castor oil carried out in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This material is well known and is described in US. Patent No. 2,632,695. The commercially available materials seldom contain 100% dimeric acid and accordingly' the useful acids contain a predominant amount of dimerized ricinoleic acid together with small .mixtures of water-soluble sulfonic acids known as black acids, intermediate detergent-type sulfonic acids, and oilsoluble sulfonic acids called brown acids. The green acids are hydrophilic in character and can be recovered from the acid sludge by adding water to the sludge to dilute the sulfuric acid therein to a concentration of about 20 to at which concentration the green acids separate to form the'superuatan-t layer, or they can be extracted from the sludge by using water-soluble solvents. The mahogany acids, some of which show limited hydrophilic properties, are oil-soluble or hydrophobic by nature and can be recovered fromt'he acid treated oil or obtained as a concentrate in the acid oil varying from 10 to 50% by weight. The useful mahogany acids generally have a molecular weight of from about 300 to 500, or more, and although their exact chemical structures may vary, it appears that such acids are composed to a large extent of sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbons having either one or two aromatic rings per molecule possibly with one or more long chain alkyl groups con taining from about 8 to 30 carbon atoms attached to the ring nuclei.

Suitable sulfonic acids which include both the oil and water-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids are the aryl sulfonic acids, benzene sulfonic acids, cymene sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acid, fatty sulfonic and fatty aromatic sulfonic acids. Other useful aromatic sulfonic acids are the oil-soluble ammonia neutralized sulfonated mixtures of polyalkylated benzenes; alkyl aryl sulfonic acids in which the alkyl chain contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms; synthetic sulfonic acids prepared by reaction of parafiin V Wax chains of 20 or more carbons with aromatic nuclei amounts of trimeric and higher polymeric acids, monocar-- boxylic acids, and unpolymerized fatty acids derived from the caster oil.

The sulfonic acid materials which canbe used in the preparation of the corrosion inhibitors of this inventionv are the aromatic sulfonic acids including those derived from petroleum products. The useful petroleum sulfonic acids thus include the water-soluble or water-dispersible green acids and the preferentially oil-soluble acids referred to. as mahogany acids. The green acids are found in the acid sludge resulting from the treatment of a suitable petroleum oil,'suoh as a liquid petroleum distillate boiling in the range of 6.00 to 1000. F., with which are sulfonated by fuming sulfuric acid, e.g. wax substituted naphthalene; ammonium mahogany sulfonic acids obtained by reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid treated hydrocarbon oils, ammonium sulfonates of thealkyl aryl sulfonic acids, particularly those having a monocyclic nucleus; all of which are available or may ibereadily prepared by known methods. Particularly suitable sulfonic acid materifls are ammonia neutralized sulfonated Neolene bottoms described in US. Patent No. 2,671,757 to T. G. Wisherd, and the ammonium m-ahogany sulfonates described in US. Patent No. 2,632,- 694 to F. M. Watkins. The aromatic oil-soluble sulfonic acids are conveniently employed as a concentrate in the oil from which they are derived and are usually present as a 10 to 30 weight percent concentration.

In a preferred embodiment of'this invention the fatty diamine Duomeen T is reacted with petroleum sulfonic acids and dicarboxylic acids such as azelaic acid, the propylene polymer adduct of succinic acid anhydride, or the dimerized ricinoleic acid obtained from the distillation of castor oil. The react-ion products may be obtained, for example, by first reacting the fatty diamine with the dicarboxylic acid in stoichiometric amounts, forming the fatty diamine dicarboxylate salts,

concentrate in the oil from which they are derived. Other preferred sulfonic acid materials are the ammonium mahogany sulfonates'desoribed in US. Patent 2,632,694.

The "disulfonate fatty diamine salts of dicarboxylic acids of this invention are effective in liquid petroleum hydrocarbons such as light distil-lates, i.e. liquid hydrocarbons boiling up to and including gas oils, and lubicating oil's. As examples they can be employed in'gasoline, kerosene, petroleum solvents, diesel fuels, heating oils, neutral oils, etc. The amount employed in a given preferred for flushing compositions.

one or more respects. in relatively large and major amounts the optimum con- ,centr-ation of any combination of additives will, of course,

instance will depend upon the character of the base oil and the degree of corrosion inhibition desired with a small but sufficient amount being employed to give substantial corrosion inhibition. Generally, the inhibitor will comprise from about 0.001 to 5.0 weight percent or more of the total composition with larger'amounts being, used as the specific gravity or viscosity of the base oil increases. As examples, with gasoline the amount of inhibitor will vary generally from about 0.001 to 2 weight percent of the total composition including the 1 base oil with about 0.5 to 2% being particularly useful for humidity cabinet protection. On the same basis about 0.001 to 3 weight percent of inhibitor would normally be used in diesel fuel with about 0.75. to 3%. being 7 The corrosion inhibitors of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with other additives such as anti-foam agents, detergent additives, pour depressants, viscosity index improvers, etc., which improve the composition in Since the mineral oil is present depend upon the particular type of mineral oil base stock and the potency of the additive combination contained therein.

The following specific examples serve to illustrate the invention but are not to be considered as limiting.

In Example I a monocarboxylic acid was reacted with Duomeen T and mahogany sulfonic acids to obtain a fatty diamine monosulfonate-rnonocarboxylate reaction product used for purposes of comparison.

EXAMPLE I Gravity, API

Viscosity SUSat 100 F. 451 Viscosity SUS at 210 F. 6015 Flash, F. 350 Fire, F. 410 Pour, F. -35, Color, NPA 7 Acid number 26.5 Saponification number 26.4 Nitrogen, percent .69 Sulfur, percent .81

* EXAMPLE II 7 parts byweight of Duomeen T and 5.8 parts by weight of dimerized ricinoleic acid were reacted with 872 parts by weight of mahogany sulfonic acids (same as employed in Example I). temperature of about 100 to 120 F. and a clear homogeneous solution resulted which was a 21% concentrate The reaction was effected at a of the fatty diamine dicarboxylate disulfonate. The solution had the following properties:

Sulfur, percent 0.83

EXAMPLE III 10.5 parts by weight of Duomeen T and 2 parts by weight of azelaic acid were reacted with 87.5 parts by weight of the mahogany sulfonic acids used in Example I. The reaction was carried out at a temperature between about 100 to 120 F. and a clear homogeneous solution resulted which was a 21% concentrate of fatty diamine dicarboxylate-disulfonate. The solution had the following properties:

EXAMPLE IV 10 parts by weight of Duomeen T and 4.5 parts by weight of the propylene tetramer adduct of succinic anhydride were reacted with 85.5 parts by weight of the mahogany sulfonic acids of Example I. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of about 100 to 210 F. A clear solution of disulfonate fatty diamine dicarboxylate resulted which contained a mixture of amine sulfonate carboxyamino, carboxy amide, amino amide, carboxy 'amidesulfonic, and carboxy-amino-sulfonicTsoap of the succinic acid anhydride. The reaction product was a 21% concentrate in the mineral oil. The solution had i the following properties:

Gravity, API 22.3 Viscosity SUS at F. 567 Viscosity SUS at 210 F. 65.2 Flash, F. 380 Fire, F. 430 Pour, F. -40 Color, NPA 8 Acid number 24.7 Saponification number 25.0 Nitrogen, percent 0.71 Sulfur, percent 0.87

In order to illustrate the outstanding corrosion characteristics of the novel compounds of this invention, the inhibitors as prepared .in the foregoing examples were blended with a mineral oil product such as diesel oil and subjected to a humidity cabinet corrosion test identified as the MILL21260 type specification (Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine, Preservative). This test is carried out as follows: Small sand blasted mild steel panels are dipped in the petroleum distillate and then after draining two hours at room temperature are sus pended in a highly humid atmosphere, generally about 100% humidity at F., in a special cabinet and the time of initial corrosion of the panels is noted. The humidity cabinet: is provided with heating units and thermal regulators for automatic temperature control. A water level of 8 inches is maintained inthe bottom of the cabinet and eight linear feet per hour of clean air is bubbled through the .water to assure high humidity at all times. The steel panels are suspended by stainless steel hooks around the periphery of the humidity cabinet. About three complete changes of air per hour are provided in the cabinet." In order to pass the test, no more than 3 rust spots 1 mm. in diameter should be observed 1 on the panel after six days exposure in the cabinet.

Gravity, API 22.4 Viscosity SUS at 100 F. -2 1721 Viscosity SUS at 210 F. 98.2

Flash, F. 375 Fire, F.' 425 Pour, F. 10 Color, NPA Dk Acid number a 25.6 Saponification number 26.8 Nitrogen, percent 0.77

A summary of the humidity cabinet results obtained when using the fatty diamine dicarboxylate disulfonate as a corrosion inhibitor in diesel fuel is shown below. The diesel fuel employed had an API gravity of 38.6, a boiling range of 378 to 640 F., and a SUS viscosity of 35.6 at 100 F. The effectiveness of the inhibitor compound of Examples II and IV as compared to the fatty diamine monocarboxylate-monosulfonate of Example I is considerably greater as revealed by the number of days the panels were exposed before failure occurred. At a concentration of 0.63% the reaction product of Example I gave good protection for twenty days whereas the fatty diamine monsulfonate monocarboxylate of Example I was substantially less elfective, even at a higher concentration.

*Number of days before two or three rust spots 1 mm. in diameter appear on test pane The following data of Table II illustrate the results obtained when the compounds prepared in accordance with the present invention were tested in mineral oil roducts such as gasoline and diesel fuel for dynamic corrosion inhibition properties. The Dynamic Corrosion Test is a modification of ASTM test D-665-47T for rust-preventing characteristics of steam-turbine oil in the presence of water and is useful for determining the protection afforded by corrosion inhibitors in dynamic systems, e.g. as in pipe lines. In this modified procedure, a freshly ground rust test coupon consisting of a /z-inch diameter by /2 inches long mild steel rod is suspended in a 400 ml. beaker equipped with a stirrer and placed in a temperature controlled bath capable of maintaining the temperature at. 100: 1 F. The test fuel (350 ml.) is added and stirred for thirty minutes to allow the rust inhibitor to precoat the testspecimen. Part (50 ml.) of the test fuel is then removed and 30 cc. of distilled water is added, and the mixture stirred for a four-hour test period. At the end of this period, the coupon is removed, dried with suitable solvents, inspected and rated according to the following scalez B++trace of rust (covering a maximum of 0.25% of total surface area) B+0.25% to 5% of surface area covered by rust 13-5 to 25% or surface area covered by rust C25 to 50% of surface area covered by rust D50 to 75% of surface area covered by rust E-7,5 to 100% of surfacearea covered by rust The test conditions'are substantially more severe than ordinary conditions encountered so the results give a clear indication'ofthe effectiveness and amount of the corrosion inhibitors required to obtain arating of B++ or better. For comparison purposes Table II includes fatty diamine sulfonate salts required to obtain a B++ or better rating.

Table II .Prepared Dynamic test Results* Inhibitor As In Example Gasoline DieselFuel Fatty Diamine Monocarboxylate- Monosulfonate I 5. 75 4.5 Fatty Diamine Carboxylate Salt oi Oleic Acid l5 l2 Fatty Diamine Snlfonate Salt of Petroleum Sullonie Acids 5. 6 1. 9 Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate- I Disullonate II 2.1 1. G7 Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate Salt of Dimerized Ricinoleic Acid 5 2 Fatty Diamine Sultonate Salt of Petroleum Snllorn'c Acids 5. 6 4. 9 Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate- Disulfonate III 8.5 2. 5 Fatty Diamine Dicarboxyl'ate Salt of Azclaic Acid 9.0 2.25 Fatty Diarnine Sultonate Salt of Petroleum Sullonic Acids 5. G 4. 9

*Pounds of inhibitor (dry soap basis) needed per 1,000 barrels of hydrocarbon to obtain a B++ or better rating on the modified ASTM D-65S turbine rusting test.

1 API gravity of 62.6; Reid Vapor Pressure 0.0; boiling range of 96 to 405 F.; ASTM Gum 2.7.

2 See Table I.

The reaction products of Exarnples I, II and III were added to diesel fuel and tested in accordance with the following static test procedure. A flat strip of mild carbon steel /s x /2" X 5%?) is cleaned with naphtha or other solvent to remove grease and oil and then polished with emery cloth until no rust or pits remain. During these polishing operations and subsequently, the strip should be handled with a clean lintless cloth or a piece of Kleenex tissue. After the strip has been thus prepared, it should be carefully wiped free-of emery dust. The specimen together with 90 ml. of the sample to be tested are placed in a corked four-ounce oil sample bottle which is allowed to lay on its side at room temperature for one hour. The liquid should cover the test specimen during this contact period. Then add 10 ml. of distilled water, cork tightly, and shake vigorously for three minutes to insure water Wetting over the entire strip surface. The specimen should be tightly wedged between the cork and the bottom of they bottle to minimize breakage. The bottle is then restored to an upright position and allowed to stand at room temperature, The specimen is examined for rust daily; after each day the bottle is shaken again to replace Water droplets on the specimen in the hydrocarbon phase that may have been disturbed during inspecdata illustrating the amount or minimum concentration 7 of the fatty diamine monoand dicarboxylate salts and tion. When 25% of'the specimen area exposed inthe aqueous phase becomes rusted the test has failed. The tests are run' in quadruplicate and the average failure time measured in hours is reported. As shown below in Table III, the inhibitors prepared as in Exarnples II and III gave excellent corrosion protection as revealed by the passing of over 300 hours before 25%' of the test coupon had rusted. Moreover, the inhibitors were employed in the amount necessary to obtain at least a B+|- rating, and with identical amounts of fatty diamine carboxylate salts of oleic acid, dimerized ricinoleicacid or azelaic acid, striking differences in results were obtained which further illustrate the small-amounts of inhibitor necessary to provide effective corrosioninhibition. This also is true when the inhibitors were compared with the fatty diamine sulfonate salts of sulfonic acids or the fatty diamine monocarboxylate monosulfonate prepared from oleic acid, The significance of the static test shows the usefulness of the inhibitor in systems where the hydrocarbonstock does not flow'past a metal surface, e.g. as in storage tanks, etc- Table III Static Test Results Prepared Inhibitor As In Inhibitor Failure Example Concen- Time, tration Diesel Fuel Fatty Diaminc Monocarboxy- I 4. 186 late-Monosulfonate. 7 Fatty Diarninc Garboxylate Salt 4. 5 60 of Olcic Acid. Fatty Diaminc Sulionatc Salt of 4. 5 20 Petroleum Sullonic Acids. Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate- II 1. 67 312 Disulfonate. 7 Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate 1. 67 96 Salt of Dimerized Ricinoleic Acid. Fatty Diamine Sulfonate Salt of 1.67 19 Petroleum Sulfonic Acids. Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate- III 2. 5 432 Disulionatc. Fatty Diamine Dicarboxylate 2. 5 282 Salt of Azelaic Acid. Fatty Die-mine Sulfonate Salt of 2.5 15

Petroleum Sulfonic Acids.

* See Table I.

1 Pounds per thousand barrels (dry soap basis). h 2 Houtrs1 before 25% of the area of coupon exposed to the aqueous phase as rus e This application is a division of application Serial No. 680,661, filed August 28, 1957, now US Patent No. 3,025,240.

It is claimed: 1

1. A disulfonate selected from the formulae consisting of wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from about 6 to 22 carbon atoms; R is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical of an aromatic sulfonic acid; R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical derived from a dicarboxylic acid containing from about 0 to 35 carbon atoms; and R represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from about 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical derived from tallow fatty acids hav ing about 16 to 18 carbon atoms and R contains from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. 7

3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R is the aromatic hydrocarbon radical present in mahogany sulfonic acid; R is a hydrocarbon radical of a dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of dimerized ricinoleic acid, azclaic acid and the propylene polymer adduct of succinicacid anhydride; and R contains 3 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,636,028 Sommer et al. Apr. 21, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent N0 3 l53 O7O October 13 1964 mafia B. Sheldahl hat error appears in the above numbered pat- Itv is hereby certified t that the said Letters Patent should read as en't requiring correction and corrected belo Column 2 lines 1 to 17 for the center portion of the formula reading:

I I A g (\3=CO:S':0 read I:00: i:0

column 5,, line 44L for "2807 read 23,7 column 8 Table II fisecond line of footnote for D-656" read D-665 column lO line 27 for "35 read 36 Signed and sealed this 27th; day of April" 1965.,

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD J. BRENNER ERNEST w. SWIDER' Attesting Officer I Commissioner of Patents 

1. A DISULFONATE SELECTED FROM THE FORMULAE CONSISTING OF: 